Flash Notice: Microsoft Dynamics Information Disclosure

overview

CVE-2025-30391 is a high-severity information disclosure vulnerability within Microsoft Dynamics. The root cause is improper input validation, enabling an unauthorized remote attacker to access sensitive information over the network without authentication. Attackers exploit the lack of robust input checks by crafting malicious requests, which can bypass security controls and return confidential data.

Potential Impact: - Exposure of confidential business information, customer records, or other sensitive data managed by Microsoft Dynamics. - Increased risk of secondary attacks, including social engineering, phishing, or privilege escalation using the exfiltrated information. - Significant compliance and privacy concerns for organizations governed by stringent data protection regulations.

Exploitation Method: Attackers can remotely send specially crafted requests to unpatched Dynamics instances. Due to insufficient validation, these requests bypass defenses and trigger unauthorized data disclosures, all without requiring user credentials.

AFFECTED PRODUCTS AND VERSIONS

• Impacted Software: Microsoft Dynamics (specific modules or editions have not been detailed in public advisories).
• Vulnerable Versions: All Microsoft Dynamics versions released before the January 2025 security update are considered vulnerable. Since exact version numbers have not been specified, any unpatched Dynamics environment remains at risk.
• Patched Versions: Microsoft’s January 2025 security update includes the remediation for this vulnerability. Applying the latest updates is critical for protection.

CURRENT THREAT STATUS

• Exploitation in the Wild: No current evidence or public advisories indicate active exploitation of CVE-2025-30391. As of this writing, neither Microsoft nor major industry sources have reported confirmed attacks leveraging this vulnerability.
• Attack Techniques: The main method involves sending remote, malicious network requests that exploit faulty input handling. The attack does not require valid user credentials or user involvement.
• Targeted Sectors: There is no evidence of targeted industries; any organization using a vulnerable, unpatched Microsoft Dynamics instance remains at risk due to the product’s widespread adoption.

Recommendation:
Organizations running Microsoft Dynamics should urgently apply the January 2025 security update and review access logs for signs of anomalous data access.

INDICATORS OF COMPROMISE (IOCS)

No known IOCs currently exist for CVE-2025-30391. To date, neither CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog nor the NIST National Vulnerability Database has published IP addresses, domains, file hashes, or other artifacts linked to real-world exploitation of this vulnerability.

Avertium maintains vigilance and will disclose relevant IOCs if they become available. For ongoing updates and to learn how Avertium can help enhance your organization’s protection, contact your Avertium Service Delivery Manager or Account Executive.

MITRE ATT&CK ttPS

Based on the technical nature of CVE-2025-30391, the following MITRE ATT&CK Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs) are most relevant to its exploitation:

Brief Explanations: - T1190 – Exploit Public-Facing Application: Attackers exploit improper input validation by sending malicious network requests to exposed Dynamics services, gaining access without credentials. - T1213 – Data from Information Repositories: Once inside, attackers collect sensitive data, configurations, and records from Dynamics systems via manipulated requests. - T1041 – Exfiltration Over C2 Channel: Attackers transfer acquired data out of the environment, often over the same communication channels used for exploitation.

No current evidence ties this CVE to privilege escalation, persistence, or lateral movement, as its effects are limited to unauthorized information disclosure. Updates to TTP mappings may be necessary as more exploit patterns emerge.

additional Recommendations + information

CVE-2025-30391 carries a CVSS rating of 8.1, underscoring its significant risk. Organizations are urged to take the following mitigation and defense steps:

IMMEDIATE MITIGATION MEASURES

• Implement Input Validation Controls:
  • Deploy input validation at application gateways or WAFs to filter malicious requests.
  • Restrict Dynamics component access to trusted network segments and essential users.
• Restrict Network Access:
  • Place Dynamics servers behind robust firewalls and use network segmentation for added protection.
  • Apply ACLs to Dynamics servers, allowing only necessary IPs and ports.
• Review User Privileges:
  • Audit user rights and enforce least privilege principles in Dynamics.
  • Remove excessive admin privileges and implement role-based access controls.

PATCH AND SYSTEM MONITORING

• Apply Security Updates:
  • Monitor Microsoft advisories and apply January 2025 (or later) patches as a priority.
  • Schedule emergency changes for patching, given the vulnerability’s high risk.
• Enhance Monitoring:
  • Implement comprehensive logging, especially for information retrieval actions in Dynamics.
  • Use SIEM solutions to correlate logs and detect suspicious data access attempts.
  • Set custom alerts for unusual Dynamics queries.

NETWORK SECURITY ENHANCEMENTS

• Advanced Network Protection:
  • Use IDS/IPS solutions with updated signatures to catch exploitation attempts.
  • Deploy a WAF with custom rules for Dynamics traffic.
• Encrypt Traffic:
  • Ensure all Dynamics communications use TLS 1.2 or newer.
  • Use certificate-based authentication for Dynamics connections where feasible.
• Monitor for Exfiltration:
  • Watch network traffic for abnormal data exports that may indicate compromise.
  • Employ DLP solutions to prevent unauthorized information transfers from Dynamics.

ADDITIONAL STEPS

• Integrate Threat Intelligence:
  • Subscribe to intelligence feeds focusing on Microsoft vulnerabilities.
  • Rapidly incorporate new intelligence into security monitoring and controls.
• User Awareness:
  • Train users to recognize phishing attempts related to Dynamics.
  • Conduct specific security awareness sessions for Dynamics admins and users.
• Incident Response Preparedness:
  • Update incident response plans with procedures for information disclosure events.
  • Run tabletop exercises simulating this CVE’s exploitation.

ADDITIONAL SERVICE OFFERINGS

Avertium provides a range of specialized security services to address vulnerabilities like CVE-2025-30391 and strengthen overall risk management:

Fusion MXDR for Microsoft

• Unified visibility across endpoints, identities, and cloud assets to detect blind spots in Microsoft Dynamics environments.
• Continuous threat monitoring by expert analysts for exploitation attempts of CVE-2025-30391 and similar vulnerabilities.
• Seamless security operations utilizing Avertium’s proprietary platform integrated with Microsoft's SecOps solution.

Managed SIEM for Microsoft Sentinel

• Ongoing tuning by certified analysts to reduce false positives and focus on real threats targeting Dynamics.
• Enhanced detection for suspicious data access activity indicative of information disclosure attacks.
• Proactive threat hunting capabilities to identify threats before they escalate.

Microsoft Security Solutions

• Expert assessment and design of Microsoft security architectures to address vulnerabilities like CVE-2025-30391.
• Optimization roadmaps to reinforce Dynamics implementations against similar flaws.
• Simplified endpoint management with Intune integration for better control and compliance.

Comprehensive "Assess, Design, Protect" Approach

• Assess: In-depth security assessments to pinpoint vulnerabilities in your Microsoft Dynamics deployment.
• Design: Development and enforcement of input validation and security controls to address and prevent leaks.
• Protect: Ongoing monitoring and threat protection to detect and block exploitation attempts.

Avertium’s tailored methodology and depth of Microsoft expertise provide organizations with effective mitigation for this specific vulnerability while enhancing their broader security posture and future resilience.

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